I moved toward universalism during college. During my junior and senior year of college I went through a crisis of faith regarding the object of my faith: God.
What bothered me was simply this: God is not worthy of worship just because He is God.
For if God were a fiend, or cruel, or unreasonable, or spiteful then I just didn't see how He would be entitled to worship, service, and devotion. If God were vengeful, unreasonable, and cruel then the moral thing to do, it seemed to me at least, would be to rebel against Him. He might send me to hell for that, I decided, but if He's cruel at least my rebellion against Him was moral and heroic. I had no interest in serving a cruel and unreasonable God.
So I came to this conclusion: God is not worthy of worship because He is God, God is worthy of worship because He is Good.
And this realization, still at the foundation of my faith, sent my spiritual journey in a whole new direction.
For the crisis came upon me when I began to seriously meditate on the morality and goodness of eternal damnation. Any way I sliced it I found the vision of an eternal torment full to overflowing with unspeakable agony to be morally repugnant. No human judge or jury doling out such a punishment would be deemed reasonable agents of justice. Yet this was just the sort vision everyone around me was extolling about God.
And when I questioned my peers and bible professors about this vision of eternal damnation the arguments all boiled down to the same thing: An appeal to God's Sovereignty, His Godhood.
"God is God."
"Who are we to question God?"
"We can't understand God."
and most common of all...
"We worship Him because He is God and you are not."
As I heard these answers in various formulations I screamed in my heart: NO! GOD IS NOT WORTHY OF WORSHIP BECAUSE HE'S GOD! HE'S ONLY WORTHY OF WORSHIP BECAUSE HE'S GOOD!
So, I moved to universalism for this simple reason: It holds to the vision that God is good. No other vision, as I've sat with them, can make this claim.
It is true that counter-arguments can be marshaled. But they generally fall into one of two categories:
1. The bible says that there will be eternal damnation. Perhaps that seems unreasonable or immoral to you Richard. But God is God and you are not.
2. God is BOTH just and good. He needs to be BOTH.
I'll have more to say about each of these in the coming posts, but today my response is this:
To those arguing #2: I claim that God is Good, totally. Therefore, His justice must be good as well. His justice must be loving. God is not schizophrenic, with two competing personalities within Him, one pulling for forgiveness and the other for justice. As Talbott points out, God's moral nature is simplistic. God is love. And thus, since God is the creator of Hell, Hell must also be an extension of His love. Just how this can be so I'll discuss in coming posts.
To those arguing #1: I have no answer than this. If God is God and I am not and you ask me to believe in or submit to a God I find morally reprehensible, I will refuse. I would rather envision and seek a God greater and more gracious than the one you now serve.
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Richard Beck
Welcome to the blog of Richard Beck, author and professor of psychology at Abilene Christian University (beckr@acu.edu).
The Theology of Faƫrie
The Little Way of St. ThĆ©rĆØse of Lisieux
The William Stringfellow Project (Ongoing)
Autobiographical Posts
- On Discoveries in Used Bookstores
- Two Brothers and Texas Rangers
- Visiting and Evolving in Monkey Town
- Roller Derby Girls
- A Life With Bibles
- Wearing a Crucifix
- Morning Prayer at San Buenaventura Mission
- The Halo of Overalls
- Less
- The Farmer's Market
- Subversion and Shame: I Like the Color Pink
- The Bureaucrat
- Uncle Richard, Vampire Hunter
- Palm Sunday with the Orthodox
- On Maps and Marital Spats
- Get on a Bike...and Go Slow
- Buying a Bible
- Memento Mori
- We Weren't as Good as the Muppets
- Uncle Richard and the Shark
- Growing Up Catholic
- Ghostbusting (Part 1)
- Ghostbusting (Part 2)
- My Eschatological Dog
- Tex Mex and Depression Era Cuisine
- Aliens at Roswell
On the Principalities and Powers
- Christ and the Powers
- Why I Talk about the Devil So Much
- The Preferential Option for the Poor
- The Political Theology of Les MisƩrables
- Good Enough
- On Anarchism and A**holes
- Christian Anarchism
- A Restless Patriotism
- Wink on Exorcism
- Images of God Against Empire
- A Boredom Revolution
- The Medal of St. Benedict
- Exorcisms are about Economics
- "Scooby-Doo, Where Are You?"
- "A Home for Demons...and the Merchants Weep"
- Tales of the Demonic
- The Ethic of Death: The Policies and Procedures Manual
- "All That Are Here Are Humans"
- Ears of Stone
- The War Prayer
- Letter from a Birmingham Jail
Experimental Theology
- Eucharistic Identity
- Tzimtzum, Cruciformity and Theodicy
- Holiness Among Depraved Christians: Paul's New Form of Moral Flourishing
- Empathic Open Theism
- The Victim Needs No Conversion
- The Hormonal God
- Covenantal Substitutionary Atonement
- The Satanic Church
- Mousetrap
- Easter Shouldn't Be Good News
- The Gospel According to Lady Gaga
- Your God is Too Big
From the Prison Bible Study
- The Philosopher
- God's Unconditional Love
- There is a Balm in Gilead
- In Prison With Ann Voskamp
- To Make the Love of God Credible
- Piss Christ in Prison
- Advent: A Prison Story
- Faithful in Little Things
- The Prayer of Jabez
- The Prayer of Willy Brown
- Those Old Time Gospel Songs
- I'll Fly Away
- Singing and Resistence
- Where the Gospel Matters
- Monday Night Bible Study (A Poem)
- Living in Babylon: Reading Revelation in Prison
- Reading the Beatitudes in Prision
- John 13: A Story from the Prision Study
- The Word
Series/Essays Based on my Research
The Theology of Calvin and Hobbes
The Theology of Peanuts
The Snake Handling Churches of Appalachia
Eccentric Christianity
- Part 1: A Peculiar People
- Part 2: The Eccentric God, Transcendence and the Prophetic Imagination
- Part 3: Welcoming God in the Stranger
- Part 4: Enchantment, the Porous Self and the Spirit
- Part 5: Doubt, Gratitude and an Eccentric Faith
- Part 6: The Eccentric Economy of Love
- Part 7: The Eccentric Kingdom
The Fuller Integration Lectures
Blogging about the Bible
- Unicorns in the Bible
- "Let My People Go!": On Worship, Work and Laziness
- The True Troubler
- Stumbling At Just One Point
- The Faith of Demons
- The Lord Saw That She Was Not Loved
- The Subversion of the Creator God
- Hell On Earth: The Church as the Baptism of Fire and the Holy Spirit
- The Things That Make for Peace
- The Lord of the Flies
- On Preterism, the Second Coming and Hell
- Commitment and Violence: A Reading of the Akedah
- Gain Versus Gift in Ecclesiastes
- Redemption and the Goel
- The Psalms as Liberation Theology
- Control Your Vessel
- Circumcised Ears
- Forgive Us Our Trespasses
- Doing Beautiful Things
- The Most Remarkable Sequence in the Bible
- Targeting the Dove Sellers
- Christus Victor in Galatians
- Devoted to Destruction: Reading Cherem Non-Violently
- The Triumph of the Cross
- The Threshing Floor of Araunah
- Hold Others Above Yourself
- Blessed are the Tricksters
- Adam's First Wife
- I Am a Worm
- Christus Victor in the Lord's Prayer
- Let Them Both Grow Together
- Repent
- Here I Am
- Becoming the Jubilee
- Sermon on the Mount: Study Guide
- Treat Them as a Pagan or Tax Collector
- Going Outside the Camp
- Welcoming Children
- The Song of Lamech and the Song of the Lamb
- The Nephilim
- Shaming Jesus
- Pseudepigrapha and the Christian Witness
- The Exclusion and Inclusion of Eunuchs
- The Second Moses
- The New Manna
- Salvation in the First Sermons of the Church
- "A Bloody Husband"
- Song of the Vineyard
Bonhoeffer's Letters from Prision
Civil Rights History and Race Relations
- The Gospel According to Ta-Nehisi Coates (Six Part Series)
- Bus Ride to Justice: Toward Racial Reconciliation in the Churches of Christ
- Black Heroism and White Sympathy: A Reflection on the Charleston Shooting
- Selma 50th Anniversary
- More Than Three Minutes
- The Passion of White America
- Remembering James Chaney, Michael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman
- Will Campbell
- Sitting in the Pews of Ebeneser Baptist Church
- MLK Bedtime Prayer
- Freedom Rider
- Mountiantop
- Freedom Summer
- Civil Rights Family Trip 1: Memphis
- Civil Rights Family Trip 2: Atlanta
- Civil Rights Family Trip 3: Birmingham
- Civil Rights Family Trip 4: Selma
- Civil Rights Family Trip 5: Montgomery
Hip Christianity
The Charism of the Charismatics
Would Jesus Break a Window?: The Hermeneutics of the Temple Action
Being Church
- Instead of a Coffee Shop How About a Laundromat?
- A Million Boring Little Things
- A Prayer for ISIS
- "The People At Our Church Die A Lot"
- The Angel of Freedom
- Washing Dishes at Freedom Fellowship
- Where David Plays the Tambourine
- On Interruptibility
- Mattering
- This Ritual of Hallowing
- Faith as Honoring
- The Beautiful
- The Sensory Boundary
- The Missional and Apostolic Nature of Holiness
- Open Commuion: Warning!
- The Impurity of Love
- A Community Called Forgiveness
- Love is the Allocation of Our Dying
- Freedom Fellowship
- Wednesday Night Church
- The Hands of Christ
- Barbara, Stanley and Andrea: Thoughts on Love, Training and Social Psychology
- Gerald's Gift
- Wiping the Blood Away
- This Morning Jesus Put On Dark Sunglasses
- The Only Way I Know How to Save the World
- Renunciation
- The Reason We Gather
- Anointing With Oil
- Incarnations of God's Mercy
Exploring Preterism
Scripture and Discernment
- Owning Your Protestantism: We Follow Our Conscience, Not the Bible
- Emotional Intelligence and Sola Scriptura
- Songbooks vs. the Psalms
- Biblical as Sociological Stress Test
- Cookie Cutting the Bible: A Case Study
- Pawn to King 4
- Allowing God to Rage
- Poetry of a Murderer
- On Christian Communion: Killing vs. Sexuality
- Heretics and Disagreement
- Atonement: A Primer
- "The Bible says..."
- The "Yes, but..." Church
- Human Experience and the Bible
- Discernment, Part 1
- Discernment, Part 2
- Rabbinic Hedges
- Fuzzy Logic
Interacting with Good Books
- Christian Political Witness
- The Road
- Powers and Submissions
- City of God
- Playing God
- Torture and Eucharist
- How Much is Enough?
- From Willow Creek to Sacred Heart
- The Catonsville Nine
- Daring Greatly
- On Job (GutiƩrrez)
- The Selfless Way of Christ
- World Upside Down
- Are Christians Hate-Filled Hypocrites?
- Christ and Horrors
- The King Jesus Gospel
- Insurrection
- The Bible Made Impossible
- The Deliverance of God
- To Change the World
- Sexuality and the Christian Body
- I Told Me So
- The Teaching of the Twelve
- Evolving in Monkey Town
- Saved from Sacrifice: A Series
- Darwin's Sacred Cause
- Outliers
- A Secular Age
- The God Who Risks
Moral Psychology
- The Dark Spell the Devil Casts: Refugees and Our Slavery to the Fear of Death
- Philia Over Phobia
- Elizabeth Smart and the Psychology of the Christian Purity Culture
- On Love and the Yuck Factor
- Ethnocentrism and Politics
- Flies, Attention and Morality
- The Banality of Evil
- The Ovens at Buchenwald
- Violence and Traffic Lights
- Defending Individualism
- Guilt and Atonement
- The Varieties of Love and Hate
- The Wicked
- Moral Foundations
- Primum non nocere
- The Moral Emotions
- The Moral Circle, Part 1
- The Moral Circle, Part 2
- Taboo Psychology
- The Morality of Mentality
- Moral Conviction
- Infrahumanization
- Holiness and Moral Grammars
The Purity Psychology of Progressive Christianity
The Theology of Everyday Life
- Self-Esteem Through Shaming
- Let Us Be the Heart Of the Church Rather Than the Amygdala
- Online Debates and Stages of Change
- The Devil on a Wiffle Ball Field
- Incarnational Theology and Mental Illness
- Social Media as Sacrament
- The Impossibility of Calvinistic Psychotherapy
- Hating Pixels
- Dress, Divinity and Dumbfounding
- The Kingdom of God Will Not Be Tweeted
- Tattoos
- The Ethics of :-)
- On Snobbery
- Jokes
- Hypocrisy
- Everything I learned about life I learned coaching tee-ball
- Gossip, Part 1: The Food of the Brain
- Gossip, Part 2: Evolutionary Stable Strategies
- Gossip, Part 3: The Pay it Forward World
- Human Nature
- Welcome
- On Humility
Jesus, You're Making Me Tired: Scarcity and Spiritual Formation
A Progressive Vision of the Benedict Option
George MacDonald
Jesus & the Jolly Roger: The Kingdom of God is Like a Pirate
Alone, Suburban & Sorted
The Theology of Monsters
The Theology of Ugly
Orthodox Iconography
Musings On Faith, Belief, and Doubt
- The Meanings Only Faith Can Reveal
- Pragmatism and Progressive Christianity
- Doubt and Cognitive Rumination
- A/theism and the Transcendent
- Kingdom A/theism
- The Ontological Argument
- Cheap Praise and Costly Praise
- god
- Wired to Suffer
- A New Apologetics
- Orthodox Alexithymia
- High and Low: The Psalms and Suffering
- The Buddhist Phase
- Skilled Christianity
- The Two Families of God
- The Bait and Switch of Contemporary Christianity
- Theodicy and No Country for Old Men
- Doubt: A Diagnosis
- Faith and Modernity
- Faith after "The Cognitive Turn"
- Salvation
- The Gifts of Doubt
- A Beautiful Life
- Is Santa Claus Real?
- The Feeling of Knowing
- Practicing Christianity
- In Praise of Doubt
- Skepticism and Conviction
- Pragmatic Belief
- N-Order Complaint and Need for Cognition
Holiday Musings
- Everything I Learned about Christmas I Learned from TV
- Advent: Learning to Wait
- A Christmas Carol as Resistance Literature: Part 1
- A Christmas Carol as Resistance Literature: Part 2
- It's Still Christmas
- Easter Shouldn't Be Good News
- The Deeper Magic: A Good Friday Meditation
- Palm Sunday with the Orthodox
- Growing Up Catholic: A Lenten Meditation
- The Liturgical Year for Dummies
- "Watching Their Flocks at Night": An Advent Meditation
- Pentecost and Babel
- Epiphany
- Ambivalence about Lent
- On Easter and Astronomy
- Sex Sandals and Advent
- Freud and Valentine's Day
- Existentialism and Halloween
- Halloween Redux: Talking with the Dead
The Offbeat
- Batman and the Joker
- The Theology of Ugly Dolls
- Jesus Would Be a Hufflepuff
- The Moral Example of Captain Jack Sparrow
- Weddings Real, Imagined and Yet to Come
- Michelangelo and Neuroanatomy
- Believing in Bigfoot
- The Kingdom of God as Improv and Flash Mob
- 2012 and the End of the World
- The Polar Express and the Uncanny Valley
- Why the Anti-Christ Is an Idiot
- On Harry Potter and Vampire Movies
The interesting thing about "how we perceive God", is that our minds will be transformed into a likeness of the God we perceive. That's why so many of us are so screwed up... our twisted view of a God is all over the map. Then so are we.
Micah,
I also appreciate your comments. Unfortunately, I don’t know if there is much I could say to have you appreciate my position. I think we are bringing different theological sensibilities to the subject.
However, to be honest, I’m not sure I know what you are talking about. Perhaps I’m just dense.
First, are you saying that it is impossible for a god to not to be good? That a god, if one existed, necessarily must be good? If so, what are your reasons/evidence for this? Or is this just consoling vision you also have? A vision, as you say, of your own “liking”? In short, are you not also open to the claim that you are creating a God in your own image? If not, why are you immune to this assertion?
Second, I’m unclear why you are concerned with me seeing a “good” that traditional notions of God have excluded from his nature. I see nothing illogical about this. If I find a picture of God that is immoral why can I not reject that picture as immoral? You are assuming that the picture I’m rejecting is accurate, correct? Isn’t that the root of the difference between us? That you see God rightly and I’m deluded?
So you see, I’m not envisioning a God better than God himself. Who could know such a thing? No, I’m envisioning a God better than your picture of God. That, it seems to me, is not so outlandish. Nor is it unsound.
But you may object and say that the God you envision is good. Which means that you and I must debate what “goodness” really is as we apply the adjective to God. That is what this whole debate boils down to. We disagree on what “goodness” is all about. What God’s “love” is all about. This is the crux of the matter. A matter fully worth discussing. So, if you are interested in discussing this, what exactly IS your picture of God? Why do you call him good? Why do you call him loving?
Richard
Micah,
I don't think you're a pedantic snoot. This post of mine was provocative, a poke in the eye. Which was wrong. So I deserve some strong critique and criticism.
When I wrote the post I wondered if it was appropriate, the tone that is. Let me clarify what I was trying to do.
The post was trying to capture a theological journey I had in college. And it was an emotional journey. I was trying to capture that emotional tone in my post. I was trying to capture my frustrations with a kind of shallow, unreflective fideism I frequently ran into during college.
In short, your points, building upon both logical analysis and traditional interpretations of Scripture, are well taken. My argument in this post is, well, less an argument and more autobiography. Thus, as an emotional account, this post isn’t the most logically rigorous. Further, I come across as smug and morally superior.
So, I apologize for my part in this. I also hate web debates. I’ve been to your site and know you to be an intelligent and faithful follower of Jesus. If you and I cannot treat each other charitably, what point is there to this discussion if we are not following the way of Jesus?
I’ll finish out this series, and you may disagree along the way, but I hope we’ll seek out the common ground we share.
Best,
Richard
PS- BTW, I know you are married. Does your wife ever get tired with how much you get wrapped up in the blog stuff? I know mine does!
There is no question that God is good because Jesus fully demonstrated that in His life and death. What other basis can you use to determine God's goodness. Remember it was never the God's intention for man to have the "knowledge of good and evil".
What a great post. It summarises the journey I have been on in recent years, discovering His goodness and love - that He is a good, loving daddy - and, over the last year or so, questioning passages in the Bible that do not seem to me to match up with the actions of a good, loving person.
This led me to universalism. I was initially resistant to it as I had preconceived ideas abot it, but when I read up on it, I found that Christian Universalism is still consistent with what we understand about salvation and forgiveness, none of that gets thrown away. What we have instead is a God who wants all people to be saved and eventually, will do it.
Suddenly the bad news of the gospel evaporated and I become more in love with our amazing, merciful, good loving God.
Thanks.
Mike